Introduction:
The economy of Bangladesh depends on agriculture and agriculture shares the majority percent of GDP. In 2009-10, Agriculture contributed 20% of GDP (Gross domestic product), and the crop subsector contributed 12% at constant prices (GoB, 2010). Agriculture employs approximately 85 percent of the rural population, either explicitly or implicitly. Climate change has been identified as a major concern affecting the agriculture sector in recent years. Climate change impacts on agriculture are a global concern, but in Bangladesh, where lives and livelihoods are dependent on agriculture, it is becoming a major threat to national food security.
Technology of information and communication is utilized to adjust all agricultural operations and activities in an IoT-based agriculture system. Numerous aspects of human existence, including advanced industries, smart cities, and cutting-edge technologies in linked automobiles, could be impacted by the Internet of Things. However, the Internet of Things may have an even significantly larger effect on agriculture. The formed solution discussed in this The articale depicts an IoT-based crop protection system designed to protect crops from rain, hail, and fog, particularly winter vegetables, based on various sensors (to detect rain and fog). The system’s main impact is to improve and increase the quantity and reduce damage to crops from natural disasters.
System Overview:
The primary goal of this study is to develop a smart crop protection system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that uses servo motors to cover crop fields with and without human involvement based on environmental specifications such as rain, hail, and fog.
- The crop protection system features a microprocessor that receives signals from sensors and cover and uncover crop fields based on weather condition.
- When rain starts the Rain sensor, it will sense the rain and cover the fields and when the rain ends it will uncover the fields. On the other hand, during the winter season if it is heavy fog that time the Fog sensor it will sense the fog level and cover the fields based on fog level.
- When the rain and heavy starts the rain sensor sends a signal to actuator motor to cover fields to protect crop from rain and heavy fog.
The main component used in the system:
Servo Motor:
A Servo motors is commonly used in automation technologies. It has a self-contained mechanism that spins machine parts quickly and precisely. We have used it to cover and uncover the crops.
Arduino UNO R3:
The Arduino Board is an open-source microcontroller developed by Arduino.cc that is based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller. The
Arduino board is outfitted with analog input/output pins which can be connected to various development boards as well as other boards and circuits. The board is used to establish connection.
Node MCU:
Node MCU it is an LUA code written in ASCII for the ESP8266 LAN chip. Code comes with the ESP8266 development kit. It connects farmer mobile to the system using Wi-Fi protocol.
Rain Sensor:
A rain sensor functions as a switching device. The rain sensor operates on the principle that if it is raining, the sensor will send a signal to cover the fields.
Fog Sensor:
Fog sensor or visibility sensor are devices that can detect the changes in weather, give warning or triggers when the visibility decreased in certain levels. Fog sensor basically consist of a light transmitter and a receiver.
Working Procedure:
In this system the sensing part we have used rain and fog sensor. The rain and fog sensor collect rain and fog data and send it to the Arduino UNO. When it rains, the Arduino board sends signals to the servo motor to turn it on. The covering mechanism attached to the motor arm. So, it covers the crops by ploy and turns off the motor. When the rain stops the Rain sensor sends no rain signal to Arduino UNO. Then Arduino UNO sends a turn-on signal to uncover the crops. The Fog Sensor also works like Rain Sensor. If the fog level is high then the Arduino turns on the motor to cover the crops. If the fog level is below a particular level, then Arduino turns on the motor to uncover the crops. The Node MCU part works manually to operate the system using Wi-Fi protocol. The Node MCU connects farmer mobile to the system through the internet. If the farmer wants to cover or uncover crops, he can turn on the motor using the mobile application.
Conclusion:
Agriculture has played a significant role in Bangladesh’s GDP growth since then, and this will continue to do this in the future. Farmers, from the other
hand, face difficulties at various stages of agricultural production. This The following article tries to solve problems utilizing IoT, which can protect crops from untimely rain hail-storm and fog. Farmers can plan which crops to grow based on market demand.
In the above-mentioned system setup, the rain and fog sensors were sensed, and based on sensor data Arduino board controls the servo motor to protect the crops without requiring human intervention. Without the presence of humans in the agriculture field, this system provides protection for crops during rain and fog. It reduces human intervention and produces quality food to a certain extent. The Internet of Things can be combined with future agricultural systems such as aquaponics, aeroponics, and hydroponic systems. We can make plans to develop an IoT-based system to monitor the crop fields. In the future, it will not require any human involvement. Furthermore, crops grown using this methodology will grow more even faster as well as organically.
